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THE CAILLOUET KELLAWAY CHRONICLES THE EARLY YEARS 1100-1600 A Precis Version of the Original Treatise The name Kellaway/Kelleway/Kelloway/Kelway/Callaway/Calloway/Callway, and other variants seen today, is reasonably considered to derive from the village of Caillouet, in Eure, northern France. As the story of the family has unfolded, it has become apparent that most, if not all, of names often so different now, are related. Quite different names may also be the same family. CAILLOUET: Although located beside a Roman Road, and therefore potentially being much older, the village of Caillouet was probably established after the arrival of invading Viking/Norsemen, who moved up, and settled along the rivers of northern France about the 9th century. The area, later called Normandy, produced the Normans, and William the Conqueror. Currently, available information about the village begins in those Norman times. THE BEGINNING: There is no known evidence that a knight, or anyone from Caillouet, crossed to England with William in 1066, and no reference to the name has been found in the Domesday Book of 1086. The first recorded matching family name so far discovered, is that of Roger de Kaillewi in Gloucester in the reign of King Henry II, about 1120. His name was however also spelt de Cailli. There was a Guillaume de Cailli, described as a Companion of the Conqueror, said to have crossed with William. The villages of Caillouet and Cailli sur Eure are only a few km apart in Normandy, and it appears now that there must have been some family relationship between the people of the two places. Caillouet possibly being the home of a “younger” family. Both versions of the name could be used by the same person, or family, for the next two centuries, until the families gradually separated, and names became more defined. The variations used of Roger’s name indicate the difficulties in determining the family in this and later periods. In the past 900 years there have been over 200 name variants, some seemingly with no apparent phonetic relevance, and it appears that other families today, such as Cayley, who confirm descent from de Cailli, Kell(e)y, Callow, and Kellaw, are related, or have become mixed in some way. The reasons for the variations are because of the low level of literacy at the time, the language conversion from French to English, French remaining the language at Court for several centuries, dialectic differences between different parts of the country, and the interpretation of clerics of the time. Differing versions of the name could occur in the same legal document, well into the 1500s. C and K alternatives of the name, for the same person, even well into the 1800s. PHILIP AND HAWISA: The first dated recording of the family is in the Gloucester Pipe Rolls of 1165, with Philip de Chailewai holding land in Wiltshire. It can be stated therefore that, because of this fact, and that the family was later to be related by marriage to the House of Plantegenet, while people from Caillouet were evidently in England earlier, the establishment of the family was confirmed with the arrival from Normandy of Henry Plantagenet as King Henry II in 1154. Somewhere about 1150-65, Hawisa, the widow of Philip de Kayleway, married William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, and cousin of the King. Hawisa de Beaumont was a lady of some importance. The daughter of the Earl of Leicester, she was descended from King Henri I of France, the Kings of Sweden and Denmark, and the Grand Duke of Kiev, among other notables of the 10th and 11th centuries. It is not yet clear who Philip was to have married her, but the de Cailli family were said to be descended from the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne. Philip may very well therefore have been a descendant of Guillaume de Cailli. He may also have had close association with Robert Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Gloucester, and half brother to Matilda, heiress of King Henry I. In 1189, Hawisa and William of Gloucester’s daughter Hadwiga/Isabella married Prince, later King, John. Isabella was discarded eleven years later, on grounds of consanguity, but Hawisa and Philip had had a son Philip, possibly the man referred to in 1165, and at least one daughter, who therefore became related to the Royal House. Hugh de Kayleway, possibly another son, was recorded with regard to the property of Ayleworth in 1189, the year King Henry II died. THE GIFFARDS: Walter Giffard had been the standard bearer for William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings, and the Baronnial Giffard family was to be powerful in England for nearly 300 years. There were at least two family marriages to Giffard daughters in the early years of the 1200s and, after the execution of John Giffard for treason in 1327, John le Calewe was for a time considered his heir. This was as a consequence to forebear Elias de Kaillewey’s marriage to Bertha Giffard over 100 years before. The first Elias appears to have held a position of considerable importance around 1200, and there was a series of Eliases and Johns recorded in the family at the time. WILTSHIRE AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE: The manor of Terintone, Wiltshire, later called Tuderintone/Kaylewent, and other variations, known today as Kellaways, had been the property of the Giffard family from the Conquest. It is presumed to be the manor referred to in 1165, and was held by William and Elias de Kaillewey in the early 1200s. The small castle of Brimpsfield, also earlier held by the Giffards, and the manor of Side nearby, in Gloucestershire, probably marriage settlements, were also in family possession until the 1300s. DEVON, DORSET AND DURHAM: By 1240-50, we find other family members established at Muxbere/Mokesbeare in Devon, Dunes Weston in Dorset, and at Durham in the north. It is possible that men at these places were sons, or close relatives, of the first Elias, although it is interesting that two names, Radulphus/Ralph in Dorset, Alexander in Durham, matched others in France about the same time. Suggesting the possibility that family members may have crossed the Channel at different times. Mokesbeare, also connected to the Earl of Gloucester, was later confirmed to have a close family relationship with the Wiltshire/Gloucester branch. Family members recorded at Wellington, Somerset, about this time, are presumed to have come from Mokesbeare. Philip, a “younger son” lived at Stafford Barton in Dolton, Devon. His family is the best recorded in later Heraldic Pedigrees. He is said to have descended from Nicholas and William, as is the Kelly family of Devon, from the reign of Henry II. It is very likely that Nicholas and William were contemporary with the two Philips, or were even an earlier generation. The Kell(e)y family of Devon, have lived continuously in the same location since the time of Henry II. The Dorset manor was known as Dunes Weston, later as Calewe Weston. And became important as the home of John le Calewe around 1300. From 1311-16, Richard de Kellawe was the powerful Prince Palatine Bishop of Durham, his family having been in Durham for at least 50 years. The Bishopric was largely temporal, with a standing army to protect the border against the Scots. Richard’s brother Patrick was the senior knight in Durham before the 1314 Battle of Bannockburn, and family members were important in the town, and county, for many years. Whether the family generally supported the King or the Barons in the civil conflict before and after Magna Carta, we do not know, but diverse locations, from Devon in the south to Durham in the north, could have had some strategic significance. It is difficult to determine, but the principal family seems to have moved about, perhaps from Gloucester to Wiltshire and/or Devon and then Dorset, between 1100 and 1300, before returning to Wiltshire, Devon and Dorset about 1400. There were a considerable number of references to family members during the early part of the 13th century, and into the 14th. It is apparent that the family had some importance. THE NAME: Names came to designate the place of abode, rather than the particular family, with, initially, de Cailleway/Kayleway in Wiltshire, de Stoford in Devon, and de Weston in Dorset. In Devon, the Dolton family became Stoford, then Stafford, and the Dorset family became Weston. Curiously the principal family in Devon seldom used the prefix at all. Later remnants of the Durham family appear to have assumed the name Kellaw, or Callow. The prefix “le” was used for some reason during the 1300s, causing further name confusion, as “calo” was said to mean in Old English “the bald”. The will of John le Calewe of Dorset in 1308, is the first we have. TROUBLE AND TOIL: The family did not escape the murder and mayhem of the times, and had its share of misfortune and misdeed, as well as honour and success. About 1220 Elias’s daughter Matilda had a hand in the murder of her husband, only escaping serious retribution by having powerful connections, while in 1238, Philip de Kaillewai escaped penalty for murder by producing “letters close to the king”. Robert le Calewe lost part of an ear in 1278, Adam de Calewe was killed in 1296, Michael le Calewe in 1309. For his services, William de Kaylweyt received one year’s protection from King Henry III in 1269, as did John Calewy, for service in Ireland, from Edward II in 1321. Family members became involved in trade and shipping in early times, exporting wool, cloth, and tin, and importing wine, from 1300, if not earlier. Many joined the Church, as was the custom for younger sons, and the Bishop’s Registers of the period may offer more family names than surviving civil records. In 1304, the Church of St Giles was founded at the Wiltshire Parish of Cayllewey, suggesting some support from Richard of Durham. We have a list of the family Patrons of the church until after they left the manor about 1400. PEARS: During the reign of Richard I from 1272-1306, the Court garden contained Cailhou/Caylowel or Cailleway pears. Presumably of French origin, they appeared later on the family coat of arms. CHAWLEIGH: Edmund de Cayleway, the second to last family Patron of St Giles Church, moved to Chenstone Manor, Chawleigh, Devon, after losing the Wiltshire manor about 1394. After seven generations the family was said to have moved west. Chensrone, not far from Stafford Barton, appears to have been held by the family from the earliest times. Edmund is the presumed father of the Thomas Kayleway, who married Joane Bingham about 1410, thereby acquiring the Bingham and Ramsay inheritances, such as Rockborne in Hampshire, for the family. By this time the family was established at Sherborne Dorset, and Dorset was to figure more extensively in the story from then on. William Cayleway is listed in the Heraldic Pedigrees as the progenitor of the Dorset branch of the family. The prefix “de” was now totally discarded, probably because the family was no longer “from” the manor. It had not been used by the Devon, and other families, who lived away from Wiltshire. WILLIAM OF SHERBORNE: The family of William of Sherborne was to be virtually the only branch recorded to any extent over the next 200 years, and there were some important people. William himself was a Parliamentary Representative for Dorchester, and Commissioner of the Peace for Dorset. He married heiress Joan Barrett, as his first wife, thereby inheriting properties in Dorset and Wiltshire and, with his father John, retained close association with the Courtenay family, Earls of Devon. It seems he inherited the Bingham and Ramsay properties of Thomas, his presumed uncle. In William’s own will, dated 1469, he strangely left his property to the family of his second wife. John Kayleway, presumed brother of William, was present at the burning down of Sherborne Abbey in 1436, and the 40 years of rebuilding could have involved the family with the new stained glass windows. Glazing/grosing irons were to appear, with the pears, on the family COA. The family of Thomas, William’s eldest son of his first family, returned to Wiltshire, but to Whitparish and Bapton, not the old manor. Other members went to Stalbridge, Dorset, possibly part of the old Dunes Weston estate, and to Stoford and Lillington, near Sherborne in Dorset. The name Stoford, although geographical in source, seems to have had particular relevance for the family. Apart from Devon and Dorset, there was another in Wiltshire. ROBERT: Possibly the most important, certainly the most recorded person of all, Robert Keilway, may have been a member of the same family, however his pedigree was for some reason never stated, and he had closer association with the “younger” Rockborne family of knights. During his long life, he became the leading legal man in the country. Although there were confusingly other Roberts at the time, he was, as Surveyor of Wards and Liveries under young King Edward VI, to have joint charge of the Dissolution of the Chantries. He followed his father Robert as Mayor of Salisbury, and member of Parliament. Probably Commissioner of the Peace for virtually the whole of south east England, he had many notable positions. He was credited with important legal treatises. Born in 1497, at his death aged 84, he was Master of the Inner Temple, the highest legal position in England, and left a considerable fortune to his daughter Ann, later Baroness Harrington, and other relatives. THE KNIGHTS OF ROCKBORNE: William of Sherborne’s second family however was to receive the greatest fame and notoriety. The eldest son, William, was made Knight Commander of the Bath upon the wedding of the Prince of Wales in 1501. His son and heir, John, in 1507 inherited the manor of Rockborne, was Sheriff of Hampshire, and was also knighted about 1530. When he died in 1547, he left extensive property, from the Marches in the north, to Calais in France. Sir John’s son William attended the Court of King Henry VIII, and was a member of his personal bodyguard. Also a Commissioner of the Peace for Dorset, he was made a Knight Bachelor by Queen Mary at her coronation in 1553. His son ffrancis, and grandson Thomas, however were continually in trouble, and eventually, despite the efforts of ffrancis’s brothers, lost the family fortune, and the manor of Rockborne in 1608. FOUR SONS: Sir John’s second family produced four sons. Gyles was captain of a galleass, and mischievously captured a Spanish ship in 1545. He lived at Stroud and Bridport, south Dorset. John settled on the Isle of Wight, and is considered to be the progenitor of families there. Henry was captain of 147 troops, and was also for a time defending the Isle of Wight. He settled at either Berry Pomeroy, Devon, or Ilminster, Somerset. George possibly lived at Ilminster. They all probably benefited considerably from the Dissolution of the Chantries, carried out by cousin Robert. COAT OF ARMS: The accepted family coat of arms today dates from about 1450-1500, and comprises four pears between crossed glaziers snippers/grosing irons, thereby combining the craft of stained glass with the variety of pear then popular. Evidence, which now indicates links with other families, suggests that there were earlier arms, comprising a chevron and three leopards heads. JOHN OF CULLOMPTON: Among other notable people in the family, John of Colyton/ Cullompton in Devon, was a “merchant of the staple”, and apparently wealthy, with extensive property in the south. When he died in 1531, he may however have left only a family of daughters, of some 14 children. His widow Jane lived on for a further 53 years, and produced, in all, as many as 20 children. TUDOR FAMILIES: The daughters of John of Cullompton married into some of the important families of the Tudor period, including Lyte, Cooke, Codrington, Harewood, Trengoffe and Grenville, possibly Drake. The Sherborne/Wiltshire family, Marshall, Frampton and Gawen. The Rockborne branch, Martin, Rogers, Pawlett, Payne, Buller, More, Lawrence, and Button. The Stowford/Stafford family was also prominent in Devon, while members of both families held positions of importance throughout the counties of the West Country. In 1594 Nicholas Kellaway, of Forston and Charminster in Dorset, produced a will naming his six sons. Some of the sons and descendants in turn produced their wills, and gave an indication of the families that were to reside in Dorset in succeeding centuries. 1600 AND AFTER: The Elizabethan Period of 1558-1603 was one of great wealth, power and importance for England, but also saw religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, later also the Puritans. Following the death of Queen Elizabeth, the new century would not see the same level of importance for the family, as the wealth and property had largely gone, and the descendants, although more numerous, were scattered, principally among the villages of the West Country. Some were later to leave for other lands. by J. Warwick Kellaway Among numerous research areas, some of the principal references have been: · The Registers of the Companions of the Conqueror · The Domesday Book · Heraldic Visitations of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Hampshire from the 1500s and 1600s, which include family pedigrees · List of Church Patrons of St Giles Church, Kellaways · The Register of Bishop Bek of Durham · The Registers of Bishops Edmund Stafford and Edmund Lacy of Exeter · Inquisition Post Mortem for Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Hampshire · Feet of Fines for these Counties · From the Public Record Office: Court Rolls, Patent Rolls, Close Rolls · Exchequer Subsidy Rolls · Muster Rolls · Dorset and other County Wills · Ordinance Survey and other earlier Maps · Published Histories of the time, including Hutchins History of Dorset · Research by Brian Kelway Willoughby of Cheltenham |